Y. F. Zhang, Huichao Li, L. Sheng, R. Shen, D. Y. Xing
We study the relationship between bipartite entanglement and subsystem particle number in a half-filled free fermion system. It is proposed that the spin-projected particle numbers can distinguish the quantum spin Hall state from other states, and be linked to the topological invariant of the system. It is also shown that the subsystem particle number fluctuation displays behavior very similar to the entanglement entropy. It provides a lower-bound estimation for the entanglement entropy, which can be measured experimentally.
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http://arxiv.org/abs/1111.0791
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